See græf on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Burial",
"orig": "ang:Burial",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "græfhūs"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "grave"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "grave"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "grave"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "grafe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*grab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *grab",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grabą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grabą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrābʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to dig, scratch, scrape"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrābʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "gref"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian gref",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "graf"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon graf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "graf"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch graf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "grab"
},
"expansion": "Old High German grab",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "grǫf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse grǫf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰 (graba)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *grab, from Proto-Germanic *grabą, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrābʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”). Cognate with Old Frisian gref, Old Saxon graf, Old Dutch graf, Old High German grab, Old Norse grǫf, Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰 (graba).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "græf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grafu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "græf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grafu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "græfes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grafa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "græfe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grafum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "graf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "græf n",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "græf",
"2": "graf",
"short": "1"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-n"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "græf",
"2": "grafu",
"3": "græf",
"4": "grafu",
"5": "græfes",
"6": "grafa",
"7": "græfe",
"8": "grafum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "grafan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "grafu"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
43,
51
]
],
"english": "Even if a brother would like to strew gold on grave for his kinsmen, to bury next to the dead with manifold riches that he would like to have with him, gold cannot be a help for this soul, who is full of sins, before the dread of God, after he first hides it while he lives here.",
"ref": "10th century, The Seafarer:",
"text": "Þēah þe græf wille golde strēġan brōþor his ġeborenum, byrġan be dēadum, māþmum mislīċum þæt hine mid wille, ne mæġ þǣre sāwle þe biþ synna ful gold tō ġēoce for godes eġsan, þonne hē hit ǣr hȳdeð þenden hē hēr leofað.",
"translation": "Even if a brother would like to strew gold on grave for his kinsmen, to bury next to the dead with manifold riches that he would like to have with him, gold cannot be a help for this soul, who is full of sins, before the dread of God, after he first hides it while he lives here.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"grave"
],
"id": "en-græf-ang-noun-6-~hhBcf",
"links": [
[
"grave",
"grave"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trench"
],
"id": "en-græf-ang-noun-ppoT4GRe",
"links": [
[
"trench",
"trench"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡræf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æf"
}
],
"word": "græf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English neuter a-stem nouns",
"Old English neuter nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Old English/æf",
"Rhymes:Old English/æf/1 syllable",
"ang:Burial"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "græfhūs"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "grave"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "grave"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "grave"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "grafe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*grab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *grab",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grabą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grabą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrābʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to dig, scratch, scrape"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrābʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "gref"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian gref",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "graf"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon graf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "graf"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch graf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "grab"
},
"expansion": "Old High German grab",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "grǫf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse grǫf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰 (graba)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *grab, from Proto-Germanic *grabą, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrābʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”). Cognate with Old Frisian gref, Old Saxon graf, Old Dutch graf, Old High German grab, Old Norse grǫf, Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰 (graba).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "græf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grafu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "græf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grafu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "græfes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grafa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "græfe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grafum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "graf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "græf n",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "græf",
"2": "graf",
"short": "1"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-n"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "græf",
"2": "grafu",
"3": "græf",
"4": "grafu",
"5": "græfes",
"6": "grafa",
"7": "græfe",
"8": "grafum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "grafan"
},
{
"word": "grafu"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
43,
51
]
],
"english": "Even if a brother would like to strew gold on grave for his kinsmen, to bury next to the dead with manifold riches that he would like to have with him, gold cannot be a help for this soul, who is full of sins, before the dread of God, after he first hides it while he lives here.",
"ref": "10th century, The Seafarer:",
"text": "Þēah þe græf wille golde strēġan brōþor his ġeborenum, byrġan be dēadum, māþmum mislīċum þæt hine mid wille, ne mæġ þǣre sāwle þe biþ synna ful gold tō ġēoce for godes eġsan, þonne hē hit ǣr hȳdeð þenden hē hēr leofað.",
"translation": "Even if a brother would like to strew gold on grave for his kinsmen, to bury next to the dead with manifold riches that he would like to have with him, gold cannot be a help for this soul, who is full of sins, before the dread of God, after he first hides it while he lives here.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"grave"
],
"links": [
[
"grave",
"grave"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"trench"
],
"links": [
[
"trench",
"trench"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡræf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æf"
}
],
"word": "græf"
}
Download raw JSONL data for græf meaning in All languages combined (4.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.